{"id":1178,"date":"2023-11-10T16:34:26","date_gmt":"2023-11-10T08:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/?p=1178"},"modified":"2024-11-22T14:45:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T06:45:51","slug":"what-is-the-production-process-of-stainless-steel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/what-is-the-production-process-of-stainless-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0101ds ir ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda ra\u017eo\u0161anas process?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Satura r\u0101d\u012bt\u0101js<\/h2>\n

1 Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda ra\u017eo\u0161anas process
\n1.1 Izejvielas
\n1.2 Iz\u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101\u0161ana.
\n1.3 Ekstrakcija
\n1.3.1 AOD (Argona sk\u0101bek\u013ca dekarboniz\u0101cija)
\n1.3.2 Vakuuma dekarboniz\u0101cija (VOD)
\n1.3.3 ESR (Elektrosl\u0101gas atkars\u0113\u0161ana)
\n1.3.4 Vakuuma loka atkars\u0113\u0161ana (VAR)
\n1.4 Nep\u0101rtraukta lie\u0161ana
\n1.5 Valc\u0113\u0161ana un virsmas apstr\u0101de
\n2 Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161ais t\u0113rauds ar \u012bpa\u0161u met\u0101la apstr\u0101di, r\u016bd\u012b\u0161anu un virsmas pul\u0113\u0161anu<\/p>\n

1. Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda ra\u017eo\u0161anas process<\/h2>\n

Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161ais t\u0113rauds tiek izmantots visda\u017e\u0101d\u0101kaj\u0101m pielietojumos \u2013 no m\u0101jsaimniec\u012bbas karot\u0113m un dak\u0161i\u0146\u0101m l\u012bdz medic\u012bnas ier\u012bc\u0113m un lidma\u0161\u012bnu deta\u013c\u0101m, un ra\u017eo\u0161anas procesa kop\u0113jais gaita ir par\u0101d\u012bts zem\u0101k. (\u0160is raksts ir balst\u012bts uz elektrisk\u0101 kr\u0101sns ra\u017eot\u0101ja procesu).
\nMums ir izejvielas biezumos no 1\u20133 mm, un m\u0113s pied\u0101v\u0101jam lietot\u0101jam draudz\u012bgus izm\u0113rus un daudzumus caur auksto valc\u0113\u0161anu un cit\u0101m apstr\u0101des metod\u0113m.
\nApskat\u012bsim tuv\u0101k katru no \u0161iem procesiem.<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101ds<\/p>\n

1.1 Izejvielas<\/h3>\n

Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161ais t\u0113rauds (piem\u0113ram, 403 ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda ra\u017eo\u0161ana) ir visp\u0101r\u012bgs termins t\u0113raudam, kuram ir noteikta \u0137\u012bmiska stabilit\u0101te gais\u0101, \u016bden\u012b, sk\u0101b\u0113s, s\u0101l\u0113s vai citos koroz\u012bvos vid\u0113s. \u012apa\u0161s t\u0113rauds ar izcil\u0101m \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, korozijas iztur\u012bba, karstumiztur\u012bba, zemas temperat\u016bras iztur\u012bba. Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda korozijas iztur\u012bba galvenok\u0101rt ir pateicoties hroma pievienojumam; koroz\u012bvo vid\u0113 darbojoties, t\u0113rauda deta\u013cu virsma veido cietu, bl\u012bvu oks\u012bda pl\u0113vi, ko sauc par \u201cpasiv\u0101cijas pl\u0113vi\u201d. \u0160\u012b pl\u0113ve padara met\u0101lu izol\u0113tu no \u0101rpasaules, nov\u0113r\u0161ot t\u0101l\u0101ku met\u0101la koroziju, un tai ir ar\u012b sp\u0113ja pa\u0161atjaunoties \u2013 ja t\u0101 tiek izn\u012bcin\u0101ta, hroms t\u0113raud\u0101 rea\u0123\u0113s ar vid\u0113 eso\u0161o sk\u0101bekli, lai atjaunotu pasiv\u0101cijas pl\u0113vi, turpinot sp\u0113l\u0113t aizsarg\u0101jo\u0161o lomu. Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161ajam t\u0113raudam papildus augst\u0101kam hroma saturam tiek pievienoti ar\u012b ni\u0137elis, molibd\u0113ns, mang\u0101ns, sl\u0101peklis un citi le\u0123\u0113jo\u0161ie elementi, lai t\u0113rauds var\u0113tu ieg\u016bt ar\u012b pietiekamu stipr\u012bbu, plastiskumu un iztur\u012bbu, k\u0101 ar\u012b labas apstr\u0101des \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, metin\u0101\u0161anas sp\u0113ju, apstr\u0101di un form\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101ds
Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda izejvielas<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1.2 Iz\u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101\u0161ana<\/h3>\n

Ferole\u0123\u0113jumi (ferole\u0123\u0113jumi, piem\u0113ram, ferohroms un feronikels) tiek izmantoti k\u0101 izejvielas ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda ra\u017eo\u0161anai, izkaus\u0113jot un att\u012brot r\u016bdas elektriskaj\u0101s kr\u0101sn\u012bs, k\u0101 ar\u012b p\u0101rstr\u0101d\u0101tos materi\u0101los \u2013 ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda atgriezumos.
\n\u0160ie ferole\u0123\u0113jumi un ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda atgriezumi tiek izkaus\u0113ti elektriskaj\u0101 kr\u0101sn\u012b.
\n\u0160\u012bs kr\u0101snis izmanto loka siltumu, lai izkaus\u0113tu met\u0101lus temperat\u016br\u0101 no 3000\u00b0C l\u012bdz 3500\u00b0C. Kr\u0101snis ir izstr\u0101d\u0101tas, lai t\u0101s var\u0113tu izmantot visda\u017e\u0101d\u0101kaj\u0101m pielietojumos.<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101ds
Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda iz\u0161\u0137\u012bdin\u0101\u0161ana<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1.3 Ekstrakcija<\/h3>\n

P\u0113c izkaus\u0113\u0161anas nepiecie\u0161ams process, ko sauc par att\u012br\u012b\u0161anu, lai no\u0146emtu piemais\u012bjumus un oglekli.
\nT\u0101l\u0101k min\u0113t\u0101s AOD un VOD metodes ir tipiskas ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas metodes.<\/p>\n

AOD (Argona sk\u0101bek\u013ca dekarboniz\u0101cijas process)
\n\u0160is ir ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas process, kura galven\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas ir iesp\u0113ja mais\u012bt augstu oglek\u013ca saturo\u0161u ferohromu, lai uzlabotu hroma atg\u016b\u0161anu, \u013coti zemu oglek\u013ca saturu un samazin\u0101tu piemais\u012bjumus. P\u0113c izejvielu izkaus\u0113\u0161anas elektriskaj\u0101 kr\u0101sn\u012b, izkaus\u0113tais met\u0101ls tiek p\u0101rvad\u012bts uz atsevi\u0161\u0137u att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas trauku un dekarboniz\u0113ts, p\u016b\u0161ot argona un sk\u0101bek\u013ca g\u0101zu mais\u012bjumu no kr\u0101sns apak\u0161as. Tas att\u012bra met\u0101lu ar \u0101rk\u0101rt\u012bgi zemu oglek\u013ca saturu, vienlaikus apturot hroma oksidat\u012bvo zudumu.<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101ds
Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda ekstrakcija<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.4 VOD (Vakuuma sk\u0101bek\u013ca dekarboniz\u0101cijas process)<\/h3>\n

\u0160\u012b metode ir l\u012bdz\u012bga AOD \u012bpa\u0161\u012bb\u0101m, ta\u010du ku\u013ca tiek dekarboniz\u0113ta vakuuma tvertn\u0113, p\u016b\u0161ot sk\u0101bekli vakuum\u0101 caur aug\u0161\u0113jo p\u016b\u0161anas l\u0101pu. Lai gan t\u0101 nav tik laba k\u0101 AOD liela m\u0113roga ra\u017eo\u0161anai, vakuuma efekts padara to piem\u0113rotu augstas t\u012br\u012bbas ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda ra\u017eo\u0161anai ar \u013coti zemu oglek\u013ca, sl\u0101pek\u013ca un hidrog\u0113na l\u012bmeni. P\u0113c att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas var veikt atk\u0101rtotu izkaus\u0113\u0161anu, piem\u0113ram, ESR un VAR zem\u0101k, lai v\u0113l vair\u0101k uzlabotu t\u012br\u012bbu (piemais\u012bjumu no\u0146em\u0161ana).<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101ds
Vakuuma sk\u0101bek\u013ca dekarboniz\u0101cijas process<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1.5 ESR (Elektrosl\u0101gas atkars\u0113\u0161ana)<\/h3>\n

Izskalotais elektrods tiek izkaus\u0113ts sl\u0101\u0146a pretest\u012bbas siltum\u0101 un saciet\u0113 \u016bdens dzes\u0113t\u0101 vara veidn\u0113. Pateicoties sl\u0101\u0146a att\u012br\u012b\u0161anas efektam, izskalotajam elektrodam ir sulfuriz\u0101cijas, deoks\u012bd\u0101cijas un iek\u013cau\u0161anu samazin\u0101\u0161anas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas u.c. Ingot ir vesels, ar maz\u0101k segreg\u0101cijas, t\u012bru ingota \u0101du un bez \u0101das karstaj\u0101 apstr\u0101d\u0113.<\/p>\n

\"K\u0101ds
Elektrosl\u0101gas atkars\u0113\u0161ana<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1.6 Vakuuma loka atkars\u0113\u0161ana (VAR)<\/h3>\n

Materi\u0101ls tiek izkaus\u0113ts ar l\u012bdzstr\u0101vas loku vakuum\u0101 vai inert\u0101 g\u0101z\u0113, izmantojot pat\u0113r\u0113jam\u0101s elektrodes, un saciet\u0113 \u016bdens dzes\u0113t\u0101 vara veidn\u0113, rezult\u0101t\u0101 ieg\u016bstot gatavu ingotu ar labi saciet\u0113ju\u0161u strukt\u016bru un \u013coti maz\u0101m og\u013cu, sl\u0101pek\u013ca un neitraliz\u0113jo\u0161\u0101m iek\u013cau\u0161an\u0101m.
\nK\u0101 pat\u0113r\u0113jam\u0101s elektrodes \u0161ie komponenti tiek priek\u0161apstr\u0101d\u0101ti atsevi\u0161\u0137\u0101s kr\u0101sn\u012bs (atmosf\u0113ras spiediena kr\u0101sn\u012bs vai vakuuma indukcijas kr\u0101sn\u012bs) un tad izliekti elektrodu veid\u0101.<\/p>\n

1.7 Nep\u0101rtraukta lie\u0161ana<\/h3>\n

Lie\u0161anas metode, kur\u0101 izkaus\u0113ts met\u0101ls tiek ievietots atv\u0113rtas dibena veidn\u0113 ilgu laiku, un materi\u0101ls tiek iz\u0146emts no apak\u0161as. Nep\u0101rtraukta lie\u0161ana ir iesp\u0113jama. Sal\u012bdzinot ar bloku un bloku metodi (kur izkaus\u0113ts met\u0101ls tiek ieliets lie\u0161anas veidn\u0113, saciet\u0113ts, atkal sakars\u0113ts, valc\u0113ts un sagriezts noteiktos garumos), kas agr\u0101k bija domin\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 metode, nep\u0101rtraukta lie\u0161ana sniedz daudzas priek\u0161roc\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, palielin\u0101tu produktivit\u0101ti un zem\u0101kas izmaksas, izlai\u017eot procesus; un uzlabotu kvalit\u0101ti, piem\u0113ram, viendab\u012bg\u0101ku mikrostrukt\u016bru un maz\u0101k ne-met\u0101lisku iek\u013cau\u0161anu. Priek\u0161roc\u012bbas ietver kvalit\u0101tes zi\u0146\u0101 viendab\u012bg\u0101ku strukt\u016bru un maz\u0101k ne-met\u0101lisku iek\u013cau\u0161anu.<\/p>\n

1.8 Valc\u0113\u0161ana un virsmas apstr\u0101de<\/h3>\n

Valc\u0113\u0161ana ir process, kur\u0101 materi\u0101ls tiek sabl\u012bv\u0113ts starp diviem slied\u0113m un p\u0113c tam ar spiedienu izstiepts pl\u0101n\u0101 sl\u0101n\u012b, caur kuru materi\u0101ls k\u013c\u016bst par ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161o t\u0113raudu.<\/p>\n

Ir divi galvenie valc\u0113\u0161anas veidi: karst\u0101 valc\u0113\u0161ana un aukst\u0101 valc\u0113\u0161ana.<\/p>\n

Karst\u0101 valc\u0113\u0161ana ir apstr\u0101des metode paaugstin\u0101t\u0101 temperat\u016br\u0101 no 900\u00b0C l\u012bdz 1200\u00b0C. T\u0101 ir valc\u0113\u0161anas metode, ko izmanto, lai ra\u017eotu pla\u0161u produktu kl\u0101stu. Karstajai valc\u0113\u0161anai ir zema deform\u0101cijas pretest\u012bba un laba apstr\u0101des veiktsp\u0113ja, ta\u010du sal\u012bdzinot ar auksto valc\u0113\u0161anu, karstajai valc\u0113\u0161anai ir zem\u0101ka dimensiju precizit\u0101te un slikt\u0101ka virsmas apdare.<\/p>\n

Aukst\u0101 valc\u0113\u0161ana ir valc\u0113\u0161anas process, kas notiek istabas temperat\u016br\u0101 un nav tik labs k\u0101 karst\u0101 valc\u0113\u0161ana darba veiktsp\u0113jas zi\u0146\u0101, ta\u010du tai ir augsta dimensiju precizit\u0101te un gluda, sp\u012bd\u012bga virsma. P\u0113c karst\u0101s valc\u0113\u0161anas seko aukst\u0101 valc\u0113\u0161ana, lai ieg\u016btu augst\u0101ku precizit\u0101ti, vai atkar\u012bb\u0101 no pielietojuma var izmantot tikai karsto valc\u0113\u0161anu, lai izgatavotu produktu t\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101, k\u0101 tas ir.<\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 proces\u0101 virsma tiek apstr\u0101d\u0101ta ar\u012b ar pul\u0113\u0161anu vai sp\u012bd\u012bgu atdzes\u0113\u0161anu, lai ieg\u016btu v\u0113lamo sp\u012bdumu. M\u016bsu apstr\u0101d\u0101tais ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161ais t\u0113rauds ir r\u016bd\u012bts, virsmas pul\u0113ts. M\u016bsu uz\u0146\u0113mums veic auksto valc\u0113\u0161anu un virsmas apdari iepriek\u0161min\u0113taj\u0101 proces\u0101. M\u0113s pied\u0101v\u0101jam \u0161\u0101dus produktus Ner\u016bs\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 t\u0113rauda tips, Pieejama R\u016bd\u012b\u0161ana Virsmas apstr\u0101de Virsmas apdarei Par vair\u0101k inform\u0101cijas par \u0161iem produktiem, Skat\u012bt M\u016bsu Produktu lapas<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Table of Contents 1 Stainless steel manufacturing process 1.1 Raw materials 1.2 Dissolution. 1.3 Extraction 1.3.1 AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarbonization) 1.3.2 Vacuum decarburization (VOD) 1.3.3 ESR (Electroslag Remelting) 1.3.4 Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) 1.4 Continuous casting 1.5 Rolling and surface treatment 2 Stainless steel with special metal treatment, tempering and surface polishing 1. Stainless steel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":442,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[428],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-industry-knowledge"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1178"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1178\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dmsteels.com\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}